TY - JOUR AU - Yamamoto, Naomasa AU - Murakami, Kazuya AU - Kimthet, Chhouk AU - Wahyudiono, Wahyudiono AU - Onwona–Agyeman, Siaw AU - Kanda, Hideki AU - Goto, Motonobu PY - 2018/09/30 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Lipids from <i>Vitellaria paradoxa</i> Gaertn Seeds by Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>: Extraction and Optimization of Parameters by Response Surface Methodology JF - Engineering Journal JA - Eng. J. VL - 22 IS - 5 SE - DO - 10.4186/ej.2018.22.5.31 UR - https://engj.org/index.php/ej/article/view/2525 SP - 31-44 AB - <p>Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) was employed to extract lipids from <em>Vitellaria paradoxa</em> Gaertn seeds in semi–batch process at various operating conditions to optimize extraction process. The extraction processes were carried out at 40 – 60 <sup>o</sup>C and 20 – 40 MPa with 2 – 4 ml min<sup>–1</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> flow rates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 33 factorial design combined with statistical was used to optimize variables in the process of <em>Vitellaria paradoxa</em> Gaertn seeds lipids extraction with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>. The FT–IR spectra indicated that the <em>Vitellaria paradoxa</em> Gaertn seeds components were extracted by supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>. The SEM images also indicated that the physical changes in the surface of the <em>Vitellaria paradoxa</em> Gaertn seeds occurred after supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction treatment. The maximum of extracted lipids was 0.47 g/g–sample when the extraction was conducted at a temperature of 80 <sup>o</sup>C and pressure of 40 MPa with CO<sub>2</sub> flow rate of 3 ml min<sup>–1</sup>. The GC–MS analysis showed that the extracted lipids mainly composed of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2). The analysis of experimental design demonstrated that pressure and temperature were the influential variables on the lipids extraction.</p> ER -