Influence of pH-Driven Synthesis on the Performance of NiO as a Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells

Authors

  • Subathra Muniandy Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
  • Muhammad Idzdihar Bin Idris Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
  • Zul Atfyi Fauzan Bin Mohammed Napiah Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
  • Nicolas Sii Tiing Kie Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
  • Zarina Baharudin Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
  • Marzaini Rashid Universiti Sains Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2025.29.4.23

Keywords:

hole transporting layer, nickel oxide, spin coating, pH values

Abstract

The hole transporting layers (HTL) is a fundamental layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) structures. Generally HTL composed of PEDOT:PSS material that has a drawback of a high cost, lengthy synthesis process, and insufficient stability. Nickel oxide (NiO) as an inorganic HTL has been emphasized in PSCs owing to low cost, solution-based processing and the good band alignment. This study presents the effect of synthesized NiO at different pH values (9-12) using a spin-coating method annealed at 500 ºC, 600 ºC, and 700 ºC. The in-depth characterization of the synthesized NiO was executed by XRD, SEM and FTIR to investigate their structural, element composition and morphological. According to XRD findings, all the prominent diffraction peaks of NiO at 37.2º, 43.36º, 63.04º, and 75.51º were observed only in pH 11. The SEM revealed the surface morphology of pH 11 have good coverage with less agglomeration of particles as compared to other pH values. A strong absorption peak was observed in FTIR analysis (400cm-1 to 600cm-1), ascribed to the presence of NiO vibration. Based on these findings, NiO produced at pH 11 annealed at 700 ºC exhibited promising characteristics, suitable for HTL in PSCs.

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Author Biographies

Subathra Muniandy
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Faculty of Electronic and Computer Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia

Muhammad Idzdihar Bin Idris
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Faculty of Electronic and Computer Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia

Zul Atfyi Fauzan Bin Mohammed Napiah
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Faculty of Electronic and Computer Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia

Nicolas Sii Tiing Kie
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Faculty of Electronic and Computer Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia

Zarina Baharudin
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Faculty of Electronic and Computer Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia

Marzaini Rashid
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School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

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Published In
Vol 29 No 4, Apr 30, 2025
How to Cite
[1]
S. Muniandy, M. I. Bin Idris, Z. A. F. Bin Mohammed Napiah, N. S. T. Kie, Z. Baharudin, and M. Rashid, “Influence of pH-Driven Synthesis on the Performance of NiO as a Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells”, Eng. J., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 23-37, Apr. 2025.
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