Extraction of Gallic Acid from <i>Chromolaena sp.</i> Using Ultrasound-assisted Extraction

Authors

  • Afnan Azzahra Ahmad Kamal Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
  • Suhaimi Mohamad Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
  • Mardawani Mohamad Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
  • Rizki Wannahari Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
  • Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
  • Azilah Ajit Universiti Malaysia Pahang
  • Jun-Wei Lim Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
  • Nurul Akmar Che Zaudin Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.2.269

Keywords:

phytochemical components, gallic acid, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), sonication time, duty cycle

Abstract

Chromolaena sp. is believed to have phytochemical components namely alkaloids, flavonoids, flavone, essential oils, phenolics, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) procedure was performed to extract the gallic acid from Chromolaena sp. UAE is known to be an environmentally green extraction method. This study was carried out with two different parameters which are sonication time and duty cycle. Phytochemical screening result showed the presence of phenolic compound when the dark-green colour of solution was observed. The best operating parameters to maximise the yield were as follows: sonication time of 80 minutes with yield of 3.006 mg/mL and duty cycle of 90% with yield of 3.764 mg/mL. The FT-IR result shows that presence of O-H and alkene group in the extraction samples. From the results, it can be concluded that UAE is an effective method to extract gallic acid from Chromolaena sp. The implication in this study was reducing the extraction time for the production of herbs medicine from natural resource.

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Author Biographies

Afnan Azzahra Ahmad Kamal
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Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

Suhaimi Mohamad
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Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

Mardawani Mohamad
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Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

Rizki Wannahari
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Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman
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Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

Azilah Ajit
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Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Jun-Wei Lim
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Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

Nurul Akmar Che Zaudin
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Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

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Published In
Vol 25 No 2, Feb 28, 2021
How to Cite
[1]
A. A. Ahmad Kamal, “Extraction of Gallic Acid from <i>Chromolaena sp.</i> Using Ultrasound-assisted Extraction”, Eng. J., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 269-276, Feb. 2021.
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